Recently, cases of norovirus, commonly known as the “winter vomiting disease,” have been increasing in the United States, particularly during the colder months.
About Norovirus
Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines, a condition known as gastroenteritis.
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It is also referred to as the “stomach flu” or the “winter vomiting bug.”
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Norovirus infections show a seasonal pattern, with outbreaks occurring more frequently in winter months.
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People of all age groups can be affected, as the virus spreads very easily and rapidly.
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Noroviruses are responsible for around 90% of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks and nearly 50% of cases worldwide.
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Individuals can be infected multiple times during their lifetime because many different strains of norovirus exist.
Mode of Transmission
Norovirus spreads through direct and indirect contact.
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Infection occurs through close contact with an infected person, consumption of contaminated food or water, or by touching contaminated surfaces.
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Outbreaks are common in closed and crowded environments such as hospitals, schools, and care homes.
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Infected persons remain contagious from the onset of symptoms to at least three days after recovery.
Symptoms
Norovirus infection usually presents with:
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Vomiting and diarrhoea
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Stomach cramps and nausea
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Fever and fatigue
In severe cases, excessive loss of fluids may result in dehydration, which requires prompt attention.
Treatment and Prevention
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Most patients recover completely without specific medical treatment.
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No vaccine is currently available to prevent norovirus infection.
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Treatment mainly focuses on relieving symptoms and maintaining hydration.
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In severe cases, patients may require intravenous rehydration fluids.
Norovirus vs Influenza (Stomach Flu)
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Norovirus causes gastroenteritis, affecting the digestive system.
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Influenza is caused by the influenza virus and primarily affects the respiratory system, not the stomach.