Recently, ten blackbucks died in the Jamshedpur Zoological Park, Jharkhand, due to suspected Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, raising concerns about wildlife disease management and zoonotic surveillance.
About Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
-
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is also known as Pasteurellosis.
-
It is a bacterial disease caused by specific serotypes of Pasteurella multocida.
-
The two most important serotypes associated with the disease are:
-
Type B:2 – prevalent in Asia
-
Type E:2 – prevalent in Africa
-
-
The disease is geographically restricted to parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe.
-
HS is primarily a major disease of cattle and buffaloes, though it can also affect wild animals such as blackbucks.
Nature and Susceptibility
-
The disease is characterized by acute, highly fatal septicaemia, with high morbidity and mortality.
-
Young animals and young adults are more susceptible than older animals.
-
The causative bacteria survive longer in humid and waterlogged conditions, increasing outbreak risk during monsoon seasons.
Transmission
-
Transmission occurs through:
-
Ingestion or inhalation of the bacteria
-
Direct contact with infected animals
-
Indirect transmission (fomites) such as contaminated feed, water, or equipment
-
Symptoms of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
-
Sudden onset of high fever and dullness
-
Loss of appetite and excessive salivation
-
Rapidly developing swelling, especially around:
-
Throat
-
Brisket
-
Dewlap
-
Head (in some cases)
-
-
Death may occur quickly if untreated.
Treatment and Prevention
-
Vaccines are available and are the most effective preventive measure.
-
Early antimicrobial treatment, administered intravenously soon after onset, can significantly reduce mortality.
-
Preventive strategies include:
-
Timely vaccination
-
Improved sanitation
-
Avoidance of overcrowding
-
Proper water and feed managemen
-