The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently issued global guidelines on the use of popular GLP-1 drugs for weight loss.
About GLP-1 Drugs
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are synthetic drugs used primarily for the treatment of obesity in adults.
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These drugs are mainly injectables, although oral versions are under development.
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Leading examples include Semaglutide and Tirzepatide (developed by Eli Lilly).
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Both drugs have been introduced in India and are transforming obesity and diabetes treatment.
How Do GLP-1 Drugs Work?
GLP-1 drugs function through multiple mechanisms:
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Increase insulin secretion when blood glucose levels are high.
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Inhibit glucagon release, reducing glucose output by the liver.
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Slow gastric emptying, preventing sudden spikes in blood sugar.
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Suppress appetite, making individuals feel full sooner.
Key Facts About Glucagon-like Peptide-1
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GLP-1 is both an incretin hormone and a neurotransmitter.
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It is a naturally occurring gut hormone, released after food intake.
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GLP-1 is secreted from the small intestine and the hindbrain after a meal.
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It travels to the pancreas, where it helps regulate blood sugar by increasing insulin and decreasing glucagon.
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Its natural effect lasts only a few minutes, giving immediate but short-term regulation of blood sugar after meals.
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GLP-1 also has beneficial effects on organs like the kidney, liver, and cardiovascular system.